In 1963 the FFS party of Hocine Aït Ahmed contested the authority of the FLN, which had promoted itself as the only party in the nation. Indeed, many actors who contributed to independence wanted a share of power but the ALN (National Liberation Army) directed by Houari Boumédiène, joined by Ahmed Ben Bella, had the upper hand because of their military forces. In July 1962, the FLN (National Liberation Front) was split rather than united. Since Algeria gained independence in 1962, tensions have arisen between Kabylie and the central government on several occasions. This became widespread after World War II. They developed militants who became vital to the fighting for an independent Algeria. Messali Hadj, Imache Amar, Si Djilani, and Belkacem Radjef rapidly built a strong following throughout France and Algeria in the 1930s. In the 1920s, Algerian immigrant workers in France organized the first party promoting Algerians independence. Over time, immigrant workers also began to go to France. Due to French colonization, many Kabyle emigrated to other areas inside and outside Algeria. Lalla Fatma N'Soumer of Tariqa led the resistance against French colonization 1851–57.įrench officials confiscated much land from the more recalcitrant tribes and granted it to colonists, who became known as pieds-noirs During this period, the French carried out many arrests and deported resisters, mainly to New Caledonia in the South Pacific. It was around this time period that the Fatimid Caliphate reached its territorial peak of 4,100,000 km2. The Kutama general Ja’far then invaded Palestine and conquered Ramla, the capital, he then conquered Damascus and made himself the master of the city and then he moved north and conquered Tripoli. In 969 under the command of Jawhar, the Fatimid Kutama troops conquered Egypt from the Ikhsidids, the Kutama Berber general Ja'far ibn Fallah was instrumental in this success: he led the troops that crossed the river Nile and according to al-Maqrizi, captured the boats used to do this from a fleet sent by Ikhshidid loyalists from Lower Egypt. The weakening of the Abbasids allowed Fatimid-Kutama power to quickly expand and in 959 Ziri ibn Manad, Jawhar the Sicilian and a Kutama army conquered Fez and Sijilmasa in Morocco. Loimeier states that rebellions against the Fatimids were also expressed through protest and opposition to Kutama rule. The historian Heinz Halm describes the early Fatimid state as being "a hegemony of the Kutama and Sanhaja Berbers over the eastern and central Maghrib" and Prof. After the conquest of Ifriqiya the Kutama Berbers conquered the realm of the Rustamids on the way to Sijilmasa which they also then briefly conquered and where Abdullāh al-Mahdī Billa, who at the time was imprisoned, was then freed and then accepted as the Imam of the movement and installed as the Caliph, becoming the first Caliph and the founder of the ruling dynasty. List of Empires/Dynasties created by the Kabyle peopleīetween 902 and 909 the Fatimid state had been founded by the Kutama Berbers from Little Kabylie whose conquest of Ifriqiya resulted in the creation of the Caliphate.
In fact throughout all of the invasions prior to the French the Kabyles had seemingly managed to maintain their independence and it was only until 1857 that they were entirely conquered. The Kabyle people resisted very fiercely, to the extent that even after the Arab conquest of North Africa they still had possession over their mountains.
Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria. The Kabyle people speak Kabyle, a Berber language. Large populations of Kabyle people settled in France and, to a lesser extent, Canada (mainly Québec) and United States. Their diaspora has resulted in Kabyle people living in numerous countries. Many of the Kabyles have emigrated from Algeria, influenced by factors such as the Algerian Civil War, cultural repression by the central Algerian government, and overall industrial decline. They represent the largest Berber-speaking population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa. The Kabyle people ( Kabyle: Izwawen or Leqbayel or Iqbayliyen, pronounced ) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, one hundred miles east of Algiers. Predominantly Islam, with minorities of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism